The Queenship of the Blessed Virgin Mary

By Marta Alves

May 1, 2013

www.faithleap.org/queenship.htm

On October 1954, Pius XII proclaimed the encyclical “ON PROCLAIMING THE QUEENSHIP OF MARY”[i].

The world lived with the cloud of the Cold War over their heads. The world had the atomic power and that was a constant threat against freedom and religion. Communist Russia was atheist, not believing that God existed but persecuting anyone who believed in God.  On June 14, 1954, President Eisenhower signed the bill officially adding "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance. That same year, on October 1954, Pius XII proclaimed the Encyclical: “On Proclaiming the Queenship of Mary.”[ii]

Blessed John Paul II recounts the history of how Mary was called Queen for centuries before in his General Audience of July 23, 1997[iii]:

1. Popular devotion invokes Mary as Queen. The Council[iv], after recalling the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin in "'body and soul into heavenly glory'", explains that she was "exalted by the Lord as Queen over all things, that she might be the more fully conformed to her Son, the Lord of Lords (cf. Rv 19:16) and conqueror of sin and death" (Lumen Gentium, n. 59).

In fact, starting from the fifth century, almost in the same period in which the Council of Ephesus[v] proclaims her "Mother of God"[vi] the title of Queen begins to be attributed to her. With this her recognition of her sublime dignity, the Christian people want to place her above all creatures, exalting her role and importance in the life of every person and of the whole world.

But already a fragment of a homily, attributed to Origen, contains this comment on the words Elizabeth spoke at the Visitation "It is I who should have come to visit you, because you are blessed above all women, you are the Mother of my Lord, you are my Lady" (Fragment, PG 13, 1902 D). The text passes spontaneously from the expression the "the Mother of my Lord" to the title, "my Lady", anticipating what St. John Damascene[vii] was later to say, attributing to Mary the title of "Sovereign": "When she became Mother of the Creator, she truly became queen of all creatures" (De fide orthodoxa, 4, 14, PG 94, 1157).

2. My venerable Predecessor Pius XII, in his Encyclical Ad Coeli Reginam to which the text of the Constitution Lumen Gentium refers, indicates as the basis for Mary's queenship in addition to her motherhood, her cooperation in the work of the Redemption. The Encyclical recalls the liturgical text: "There was St. Mary, Queen of heaven and Sovereign of the world, sorrowing near the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ" (AAS 46 [1954] 634). It then establishes an analogy between Mary and Christ, which helps us understand the significance of the Blessed Virgin's royal status. Christ is King not only because he is Son of God, but also because he is the Redeemer; Mary is Queen not only because she is Mother of God, but also because, associated as the new Eve with the new Adam, she cooperated in the work of the redemption of the human race (AAS 46 [1954] 635).

In Mark's Gospel, we read that on the day of the Ascension the Lord Jesus "was taken up into heaven, and sat down at the right hand of God" (16:19). In biblical language "to sit at the right hand of God" means sharing his sovereign power. Sitting "at the right hand of the Father", he establishes his kingdom, God's kingdom. Taken up into heaven, Mary is associated with the power of her Son and is dedicated to the extension of the Kingdom, sharing in the diffusion of divine grace in the world.

 In looking at the analogy between Christ's Ascension and Mary's Assumption, we can conclude that Mary, in dependence on Christ, is the Queen who possesses and exercises over the universe a sovereignty granted to her by her Son.

3. The title of Queen does not of course replace that of Mother: her queenship remains a corollary of her particular maternal mission and simply expresses the power conferred on her to carry out that mission.

Citing Pius IX's Bull Ineffabilis Deus, the Supreme Pontiff highlights this maternal dimension of the Blessed Virgin's queenship: "Having a motherly affection for us and being concerned for our Salvation, she extends her care to the whole human race. Appointed by the Lord as Queen of heaven and earth, raised above all the choirs of angels and the whole celestial hierarchy of saints, sitting at the right hand of her only Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, she obtains with great certainty what she asks with her motherly prayers; she obtains what she seeks and it cannot be denied her" (cf. AAS. 46 [1954] 636-637).

4. Therefore Christians look with trust to Mary Queen and this not only does not diminish but indeed exalts their filial abandonment to her, who is mother in the order Of grace.

                Indeed, the concern Mary Queen has for mankind can be fully effective precisely by virtue of her glorious state which derives from the Assumption. St. Germanus I of Constantinople[viii], highlights this very well. He holds that this state guarantees Mary's intimate relationship with her Son and enables her to intercede in our favor. Addressing Mary he says: Christ wanted "to have, so to speak, the closeness of your lips and your heart; thus he assents to all the desires you express to him, when you suffer for your children, with his divine power he does all that you ask of him" (Hom. 1 PG 98, 348).

                5. One can conclude that the Assumption favors Mary's full communion not only with Christ; but with each one of us: she is beside us, because her glorious state enables her to follow us in our daily earthly journey. As we read again in St. Germanus: "You dwell spiritually with us and the greatness of your vigilance over us makes your communion of life with us stand out" (Hom. 1, PG 98, 344).

                Thus far from creating distance between her and us, Mary's glorious state brings about a continuous and caring closeness. She knows everything that happens in our life and supports us with maternal love in life's trials.

                Taken up into heavenly dedicates herself totally to the work of salvation in order to communicate to every living person the happiness granted to her. She is a Queen who gives all that she possesses, participating above all in the life and love of Christ.

In all her apparitions the Blessed Virgin Mary leads us to her Son Jesus.

In quiet prayer we join the Holy Catholic Church as she prays:

Regina caeli, laetare, alleluia:
Quia quem meruisti portare. alleluia,
Resurrexit, sicut dixit, alleluia,
Ora pro nobis Deum, alleluia.

English translation

Queen of Heaven, rejoice, alleluia.
For He whom you did merit to bear, alleluia.
Has risen, as He said, alleluia.
Pray for us to God, alleluia.q